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Takeuchi, Ryuji; Kokubu, Yoko; Nishio, Kazuhisa*
JAEA-Data/Code 2023-014, 118 Pages, 2024/02
JAEA-Data-Code-2023-014.pdf:4.77MB
JAEA-Data-Code-2023-014-appendix(CD-ROM).zip:249.03MB
The Tono Geoscience Center of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting the groundwater pressure and hydro-chemical monitoring to confirm the restoration process of the surrounding geological environment associated with the backfilling of shafts and tunnels of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU). This report summarizes the data of the groundwater pressure and hydro-chemical monitoring from boreholes and forth at and around the MIU conducted in FY2022. In addition, unreported hydro-chemical monitoring data from the boreholes and forth at the MIU conducted in FY2021 were also compiled.
Takeuchi, Ryuji; Murakami, Hiroaki; Nishio, Kazuhisa*
JAEA-Data/Code 2022-008, 184 Pages, 2023/01
JAEA-Data-Code-2022-008.pdf:8.2MBJAEA-Data-Code-2022-008-appendix1(DVD-ROM).zip:327.79MBJAEA-Data-Code-2022-008-appendix2(DVD-ROM).zip:284.46MB
The Tono Geoscience Center of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting the groundwater pressure and hydro-chemical monitoring to confirm the restoration process of the surrounding geological environment associated with the backfilling of shafts and tunnels of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory. This report summarizes the results of the groundwater pressure and hydro-chemical monitoring conducted from FY2020 to FY2021.
Murakami, Hiroaki; Takeuchi, Ryuji; Iwatsuki, Teruki
JAEA-Technology 2022-022, 34 Pages, 2022/10
JAEA-Technology-2022-022.pdf:3.47MB
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting the hydro-pressure and hydrochemical monitoring for more than two decades to understand the hydrochemical disturbance due to the excavation of tunnels at Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU). To understand the environmental influence due to the backfilling of research tunnels that started in 2019, environmental monitoring of groundwater has been performed and recovery status of groundwater is being confirmed. In order to observe the deep-groundwater environment from the ground, the groundwater pressure monitoring and sampling, which have been performed in the research tunnel, are to be performed from the ground. However, backfilling of a large-scale underground facilities such as MIU is globally unprecedented, thus it was necessary to develop a new observation system. Accordingly, we developed a new observation network to observe the environment around the research tunnels of the MIU. This system enables monitoring of groundwater pressure and water sampling of the backfilled tunnel from the ground while utilizing the existing-monitoring system installed in the tunnels. Accordingly, we demonstrated its technology through the environmental monitoring of groundwater. The results of the environmental monitoring and the existing groundwater data of MIU indicate that this system is able to monitor the groundwater environment in the backfilled tunnels.
Miyakawa, Kazuya
JAEA-Data/Code 2021-021, 23 Pages, 2022/03
JAEA-Data-Code-2021-021.pdf:2.0MB
In the Horonobe underground research laboratory (HURL) project, groundwater chemistry was analyzed to investigate changes due to the excavation of the underground facility and to review geochemical models until the fiscal year 2019. From the fiscal year 2020, to proceed remaining important issues deduced from the conclusion of the investigations during the fiscal year 2015-2019, primary data such as groundwater chemistry need to be successively acquired. Here, the chemical analysis of 54 groundwater samples in 2021 from boreholes drilled in the 140 m, 250 m, 350 m gallery in the HURL, and water rings settled in three vertical shafts is presented. Analytical results include groundwater chemistry such as physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity), dissolved ions (Na
, K, Li, NH
, Cl
, Br, NO
, SO
, PO
, Ca
, Mg, Sr, P, Total-Mn, Si, Total-Fe, Al, B, F, I, alkalinity, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, CO, HCO, Ba, Fe, sulfide), 
O, D, and tritium content along with a detailed description of analytical methods.
Cs concentrations in east Japanese riversTsuji, Hideki*; Ishii, Yumiko*; Shin, M.*; Taniguchi, Keisuke*; Arai, Hirotsugu*; Kurihara, Momo*; Yasutaka, Tetsuo*; Kuramoto, Takayuki*; Nakanishi, Takahiro; Lee, S*; et al.
Science of the Total Environment, 697, p.134093_1 - 134093_11, 2019/12
Times Cited Count：17 Percentile：59.38(Environmental Sciences)To investigate the main factors that control the dissolved radiocesium concentration in river water in the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the correlations between the dissolved Cs concentrations at 66 sites normalized to the average Cs inventories for the watersheds with the land use, soil components, topography, and water quality factors were assessed. We found that the topographic wetness index is significantly and positively correlated with the normalized dissolved Cs concentration. Similar positive correlations have been found for European rivers because wetland areas with boggy organic soils that weakly retain Cs are mainly found on plains. However, for small Japanese river watersheds, the building area ratio in the watershed strongly affected the dissolved Cs concentration.
Mizuno, Takashi; Iwatsuki, Teruki; Matsuzaki, Tatsuji*
Oyo Chishitsu, 58(3), p.178 - 187, 2017/08
no abstracts in English
Hayashida, Kazuki; Kato, Toshihiro; Munemoto, Takashi; Aosai, Daisuke*; Inui, Michiharu*; Kubota, Mitsuru; Iwatsuki, Teruki
JAEA-Data/Code 2017-008, 52 Pages, 2017/03
JAEA-Data-Code-2017-008.pdf:3.84MB
Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been investigating groundwater chemistry to understand the effect on excavating and maintenance of underground facilities as part of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) Project in Mizunami, Gifu, Japan. In this report, we compiled data of groundwater chemistry obtained at the MIU in the fiscal year 2015. In terms of ensuring traceability of data, basic information (e.g. sampling location, sampling time, sampling method, analytical method) and methodology for quality control are described.
Hanawa, Satoshi; Uchida, Shunsuke; Hata, Kuniki; Chimi, Yasuhiro; Kasahara, Shigeki*; Nishiyama, Yutaka
Proceedings of 20th Nuclear Plant Chemistry International Conference (NPC 2016) (USB Flash Drive), 11 Pages, 2016/10
ECP is the exclusive index to evaluate corrosion condition directly at the points of interest in the mixing of neutron and 
-ray environment. ECP can be calculated through the combination of water radiolysis and ECP model. A water radiolysis model have been applied to experiments performed in in-pile loops in the experimental reactors and applicability was confirmed. An ECP model based on the Butler-Volmer equation was also prepared. ECP of stainless steel was measured under well controlled water chemistry condition in in-pile loop in the Halden reactor, and the model was applied to evaluate ECP measured in the Halden reactor. The measured data were well explained by the water radiolysis calculation and ECP model. Accumulation of in-pile ECP data are expected for further validation of the models.
Hayashida, Kazuki; Munemoto, Takashi; Aosai, Daisuke*; Inui, Michiharu*; Iwatsuki, Teruki
JAEA-Data/Code 2016-001, 64 Pages, 2016/06
JAEA-Data-Code-2016-001.pdf:3.19MB
Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been investigating groundwater chemistry to understand the effect on excavating and maintenance of underground facilities as part of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) Project in Mizunami, Gifu, Japan. In this report, we compiled data of groundwater chemistry obtained at the MIU in the fiscal year 2014. In terms of ensuring traceability of data, basic information (e.g. sampling location, sampling time, sampling method, analytical method) and methodology for quality control are described.
Hama, Katsuhiro; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Aoki, Rieko*; Hirose, Ikuro
JNC TN7430 2000-001, 47 Pages, 2000/12
JNC-TN7430-2000-001.pdf:4.09MB
Long-term immersion tests of glass material at ambient temperature (about 18 
C) for 10 years were performed in a gallery at the Tono mine in Japan, in order to assess durability of glass matelial contacted with natural groundwater. The gallery was constructed at a depth of 130 m below ground surface in the Toki Granite. Monolithic glass blocks with dimensions of 10 
10 10 mm (cubic type) and of 25 mm in diameter and 8 mm in thickness (disk type: The wall of sample was covered by stainless steel of 1 mm thick.) were used for the tests. Both type of samples with and without clay were put in Teflon vessels, which have small holes on the wall, and inserted into boreholes excavated at the gallery floor. In addition to the immersion tests, static leaching test with cubic type glass and ground water was also performed at the gallery. The samples of each test were collected in time intervals of 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 10 years and were subjected to weight loss measurement and several surface analyses. The results were as follows: (1)Weight losses of each sample were proportional to time intervals. This result is attributable to constant dissolved silica concentration in the ground water during tests. (2)The weight losses of disk type glass were slightly larger than those of cubic type glass. This result is attributable to elemental release from internal cracks of disk type glass, instead of effect of stainless steel on the glass dissolution. (3)The weight losses for the tests with clay were slightly smaller than those for tests without clay. This result is attributable to higher concentration of dissolved silica in pore water of clay.
Tochiyama, Osamu*
JNC TJ8400 2000-044, 53 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-044.pdf:1.41MB
To estimate the polyelectrolyte effect and the effect of the heterogeneous composition of humic acids, the complex formation constants of Eu(III) and Ca(II) with Aldrich humic acid and polyacrylic acid were obtained, for Eu(10
to 10
M) by solvent extraction with TTA and TBP in xylene, for Ca (10
M) with TTA and TOPO in cyclohexane and for Ca(10
M) by using ion-selective electrode. By defining the apparent formation as 
= [MR
]/([M][R]), where [R] denotes the concentration of dissociated functional group, [M] and [MR] denote the concentration of free and bound metal ion and pcH is defined as-log[H], the values of log have been obtained at pcH 4.8 - 5.5 in 0.1 - 1.0M NaClO and NaCl. Log of Eu-humate varied from 5.0 to 9.3 and that of Ca-humate from 2.0 to 3.4..For both humate and polyacrylate, log increased with pcH or with the degree of dissociation. The increase in the ionic strength O.1 to 1.0 M decreased the log, the decrease in log of Eu(III)-humate is 1.6, that of Eu(III), polyacrylate 0.7, that of Ca(II)-humate 1.9 and that of Ca(II)-polyacrylate 1.2. While the increase in the metal ion produced no effect on log of polyacrylate, log of humate decreased. Depending on the concentration of Eu(III), the coexistence of Ca(II) reduced log of humate by 0 to 0.8. The dependence of log of humate on the metal ion concentration suggests the coexistence of strong and weak binding sites in the hmnic acid.
*
JNC TJ7420 2000-001, 14 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ7420-2000-001.pdf:0.27MB
no abstracts in English
Arthur, R. C,*; Savage, D.*; Sasamoto, Hiroshi; Shibata, Masahiro; Yui, Mikazu
JNC TN8400 2000-005, 61 Pages, 2000/01
JNC-TN8400-2000-005.pdf:2.83MB
Kinetic data, including rate constants, reaction orders and activation energies, are compiled for 34 hydrolysis reactions involving feldspars, sheet silicates, zeolites, oxides, pyroxenes and amphiboles, and for similar reactions involving calcite and pyrite. The data are compatible with a rate law consistent with surface reaction control and transition-state theoly, which is incorporated in the geochemieal software package EQ3/6 and GWB. Kinetic data for the reactions noted above are strictly compatible with the transition-state rate law only under far-from-equilibrium conditions. It is possiblethat the data are conceptually consistent with this rate law under both far-from-equilibrium and near-to-equilibrium conditions, but this should be confirmed whenever possible through analysis of original experimental results, Due to limitations in the availability of kinetic data for mineral-water reactions, and in order to simplify evaluations of geochemical models of groundwater evolution, it is convenient to assume local-equilibrium in such models whenever possible. To assess whether this assumption is reasonable, a modeling approach accounting for coupled fluid flow and water-rock interaction is described that can be used to estimate spatial and temporal scale of local equiliblium. The approach is demonstrated for conditions involving groundwater flow in fractures at JNC's Kamaishi in-situ tests site, and is also used to estimate the travel time necessary for oxidizing surface waters to migrate to the level of a HLW repository in crystalline rock. The question of whether local equilibrium is a reasonable assumption must be addressed using an appropriate modeling approach. To be appropriate for conditions at the Kamaishi site using the modeling approach noted above, the fracture fill must closely approximate a porous medium, groundwater flow must be purely advective and diffusion of solutes across the fracture-host rock boundary must not occur. Moreover, the ...
Sasamoto, Hiroshi; Yui, Mikazu; Randolph C Arthu*
JNC TN8400 99-074, 84 Pages, 1999/12
Hydrochemical investigation of Tertiary sedimentary rocks at JNC's Tono in-situ tests site indicate the groundwaters are: (1)meteoric in origin, (2)chemically reducing at depths greater than a few tens of meters in the sedimentary rock, (3)relatively old [carbon-14 ages of groundwaters collected from the lower part of the sedimentary sequence range from 13,000 to 15,000 years BP (before present)] (4)Ca-Na-HCO type solutions near the surface, changing to Na-HCO type groundwaters with increasing depth. The chemical evolution of the groundwaters is modeled assuming local equilibrium for selected mineral-fluid reactions, taking into account the rainwater origin of these solutions. Results suggest it is possible to interpret approximately the "real" groundwater chemistry (i.e., pH, Eh, total dissolved concentrations of Si, Na, Ca, K, Al, carbonate and sulfate) if the following assumptions are adopted: (1)CO
concentration in the gas phase contacting pore solutions in the overlying soil zone = 10
bar, (2)minerals in the rock zone that control the solubility of respective elements in the groundwater include; chalcedony (Si), albite (Na), kaolinite (Al), calcite (Ca and carbonate), muscovite (K) and pyrite (Eh and sulfate). It is noted, however, that the available field data may not be sufficient to adequately constrain parameters in the groundwater evolution model. In particular, more detailed information characterizing certain site properties (e.g., the actual mineralogy of "plagioclase", "clay" and "zeolite") are needed to improve the model. Alternative conceptual models of key reactions may also be necessary. For this reason, a model that accounts for ion-exchange reactions among clay minerals, and which is based on the results of laboratory experiments, has also been evaluated in the present study. Further improvements of model considering ion-exchange reactions are needed in future, however.
Yui, Mikazu; Sasamoto, Hiroshi; Randolph C Arthu*
JNC TN8400 99-030, 201 Pages, 1999/07
According to the Japanese program for research and development of high level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal defined by Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), the second progress report (i.e., H-12 report) for performance assessment (PA) of HLW disposal is to be published by the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) and submitted to the Japanese government before the year 2,000 (AEC, 1997). This report presents the establishment of generic groundwater chemical compositions for the PA supporting the H-12 report. The following five hypothetical groundwaters are categorized for PA based on the results of the first progress report (i.e., H-3 report) and binaly statistical analyses of the screened groundwater dataset: (1)FRHP(Fresh-Reducing-High-pH) groundwater (2)FRLP(Fresh-Reducing-Low-pH) groundwater (3)SRHP(Saline-Reducing-High-pH) groundwater (4)SRLP(Saline-Reducing-Low-pH) groundwater (5)MRNP(Mixing-Reducing-Neutral-pH) groundwater. In order to define representative groundwater compositions for the PA for the H-12 report, JNC has established the representativeness of the above five hypothetical groundwaters by considering the results of multivariate statistical analyses, data reliability, evidence for geochemical controls on groundwater chemistry and exclusion criteria for potential repository sites in Japan. As a result, the following hypothetical reference groundwaters are selected for the performance assessment analysis in H-12 report, respectively: (1)Reference Case groundwater: FRHP groundwater, and (2)Alternative Geological Environment Case groundwater: SRHP groundwater. In addition, JNC has consulted with overseas experts on the concepts used in groundwater evolution modeling. This modeling effort has focussed on simulating equilibrium water-rock interactions to predict groundwater compositions resulting from reactions between initial water compositions and rock mineral assemblages. These discussions have centered on recommendations for developing ...
Sasamoto, Hiroshi; Yui, Mikazu; Savage, D.*; Bille, B.*
JNC TN8400 99-025, 32 Pages, 1999/06
Groundwater data used for modelling site or repository evolution need to be assessed for their quality and whether they are "fit for purpose", prior to utilization. This report discuss factors and issues which impinge upon the quality of such data. It is recommended that geochemical modelleres : (1)are aware of how groundwater samples were collected, whether during drilling, during hydraulic testing, or thereafter, by in-situ measurement, pumped from boreholes, or by pressurised sampler ; (2)are aware of what procedures (if any) were used to "correct" samples for drill fluid contamination and what errors were associated with those methods ; (3)are aware of whether samples were subject to de-pressurisation during sampling, and whether geochemical modelling techniques were applied to correct the compositions of samples for that process ; (4)request different measures of redox activity (e.g., electrode measurements of Eh, concentrations of different redox-sensitive aqueous species) to be applied to key groundwater samples to investigate the extent of redox equilibrium ; (5)are aware of how groundwater samples were filtered and preserved for off-site analysis ; (6)ensure that adequate methods of groundwater filtration (
0.1
m) and chemical analysis are applied to ensure accurate and reproducible analyses for dissolved aluminum at low levels of concentration (generally less than 0.2 mg/L) ; (7)are aware of elemental errors and detection limits in chemical analysis of groundwater samples and assess the quality of groundwater analyses via ion exchange balances and via a comparison of measured and calculated values for total dissolved solids contents. (8)ensure that detailed mineralogical analysis is carried out on rock samples from locations where key groundwater samples have been extracted.
PATRICIA F SALTE*; Sasamoto, Hiroshi; Apted, M. J.*; Yui, Mikazu
JNC TN8400 99-023, 231 Pages, 1999/05
The groundwater chemistry is one of important geological environment for performance assessment of high level radioactive disposal system. This report describes the results of geostatistical analysis of groundwater chemistry in Japan. Over 15,000 separate groundwater analyses have been collected of deep Japanese groundwaters for the purpose of evaluating the range of geochemical conditions for geological radioactive waste repositories in Japan. The significance to issues such as radioelement solubility limits, sorption, corrosion of overpack, behavior of compacted clay buffers, and many other factors involved in safety assessment. It is important therefore, that a small, but representative set of groundwater types be identified so that defensible models and data for generic repository performance assessment can be established. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to categorize representative deep groundwater types from this extensive data set. PCA is a multi-variate statistical analysis technique, similar to factor analysis or eigenvector analysis, designed to provide the best possible resolution of the variability within multi-variate data sets. PCA allows the graphical inspection of the most important similarities (clustering) and differences among samples, based on simultaneous consideration of all variables in the dataset, in a low dimensionality plot. It also allows the analyst to determine the reasons behind any pattern that is observed. In this study, PCA has been aided by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), in which statistical indices of similarity among multiple samples are used to distinguish distinct clusters of samples. HCA allows the natural, a priori, grouping of data into clusters showing similar attributes and is graphically represented in a dendrogram Pirouette is the multivariate statistical software package used to conduct the PCA and HCA for the Japanese groundwater dataset. An audit of the initial 15,000 sample dataset on the ...
